(NTP) listed crystalline silica may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence in experimental animals and limited evidence in humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has evaluated crystalline silica and determined that "crystalline silica inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)."

c. Scleroderma: There is evidence that exposure to respirable crystalline silica or that the disease silicosis is associated with the increased incidence of scleroderma, an autoimmune disorder manifested by a fibrosis (scarring) of the skin and internal organs.

d. Tuberculosis: Silicosis increases the risk of tuberculosis.

e. Nephrotoxicity: There are several studies suggesting that exposure to respirable crystalline silica or that the disease silicosis is associated with the increased incidence of kidney disorders. 

Eye Contact: Crystalline silica (quartz) may cause abrasion of the cornea.

Skin Contact: Not applicable.

Ingestion: Not applicable.

Chronic Effects: The adverse health effects -- silicosis, cancer, scleroderma, tuberculosis, and nephrotoxicity -- are chronic effects.

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: There are generally no signs or symptoms of exposure to crystalline silica (quartz). Often, chronic silicosis has no symptoms of silicosis, if present, are shortness of breath, wheezing, cough and sputum production. The symptoms of acute silicosis are the same as those associated with chronic silicosis; additionally, weight loss and fever may also occur. The symptoms of scleroderma include thickening and stiffness of the skin, particularly in the fingers, shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing and joint problems.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: The condition of individuals with lung disease (e.g., bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) can be aggravated by exposure.

See Section 11, Toxicological Information, for additional detail on potential adverse health effects.

Eye - Wash the eye with water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Skin - N/A

Ingestion - If large amounts are ingested, seek medical attention.

Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures